藻类对偶氮染料的降解及定量结构-生物降解性研究

通过研究普通小球藻（ Chlorella vulgaris） 、蛋白核小球藻（Chlorella pyrenoidosa） 、斜生栅藻（Scenedes nusobliquus） 对偶氮染料的降解作用,筛选出优势藻种并优化降解条件;对单偶氮染料进行了定量结构—生物降解性相关关系（QSBR） 研究．3 种藻均能利用偶氮染料为其生长的唯一 C、 N 源,使染料脱色,蛋白核小球藻具有更强的脱色能力;且藻在无 N 环境中的脱色率明显高于无 C 和正常环境;pH 值对染料脱色影响较大,最佳pH值为中性;不同结构的单偶氮染料生物降解性相差很大,脱色率为9.1 ％ （89.9 ％ , QSBR 研究表明, 偶氮键的最低未占据轨道能量是控制生物降解的主要因素,而脱色率与染料的分子量无关．     

民用清洁煤技术的定量评价与筛选

选用合适的民用清洁煤技术是提高居民生活用煤能源利用效率、减少环境污染的重要途径之一,本文利用笔者提出的清洁煤技术定量评价方法对民用清洁煤技术进行了定量评价与筛选,评价结果表明,在标准状态下各种民用适用清洁煤技术的单位综合成本分别为选煤48元/GJ,民用型煤45.73元/GJ,炼焦制气28.53元/GJ,加压气化联产甲醇54.73元/GJ,加压气化联产油蜡50.71元/GJ,两段炉气化88.66元/GJ,直立炉气化38.84元/GJ,其中炼焦制气是单位综合成本最小的民用清洁煤技术．敏感度分析表明,煤气化将是民用清洁煤技术的主要发展方向     

Chemical composition and quantitative relationship between meteorological condition and fine particles in Beijing

The recent year‘s monitor results of Beijing indicated that the pollution level of fine particles PM2.5 showed an increasing trend. To understand pollution characteristics of PM2.5 and its relationship with the meteorological conditions in Beijing, a one-year monitoring of PM2.5 mass concentration and correspondent meteorological parameters was performed in Beijing in 2001. The PM2.5 levels in Beijing were very high, the annual average PM2.5 concentration in 2001 was 7 times of the National Ambient Air Quality Standards proposed by US EPA. The major chemical compositions were organics, sulfate, crustals and nitrate. It was found that the mass concentrations of PM2.5 were influenced by meteorological conditions. The correlation between the mass concentrations of PM2.5 and the relative humidity was found. And the correlation became closer at higher relative humidity. And the mass concentrations of PM2.5 were negtive-correlated to wind speeds, but the correlation between the mass concentration of PM2.5 and wind speed was not good at stronger wind.     

池塘水体氨氧化细菌季节变化及其与环境影响因子相关性分析

以氨氧化细菌(AOB)的氨单加氧酶amoA基因为分子标记,调查了湖北省公安县崇湖渔场草鱼池塘水体AOB季节变化,并分析了AOB丰度与主要环境因子的相关性.结果表明,池塘表、底层水体AOB amoA基因拷贝数均呈相似的季节变动规律,即夏季显著高于春、秋两季(p0.05),而春、秋两季间无显著差异(p0.05);相同季节池塘表、底层水体AOB amoA基因拷贝数无显著性差异(p0.05).表、底层水体AOB amoA基因拷贝数均与温度、总磷呈显著正相关;与溶解氧呈显著负相关.此外,表层AOB amoA基因拷贝数与总有机碳呈极显著负相关.主成分分析将8个环境因子划分为3个主成分.表层第一主成分为水温、溶解氧、氨氮与总磷,第二主成分为硝态氮与总有机碳,第三主成分为总氮与亚硝态氮;底层第一主成分为水温、溶解氧、氨氮、总磷与总有机碳,第二主成分为硝态氮与亚硝态氮,第三主成分为总氮.     

CRC-ICP-MS在重金属突发环境事件中的半定量方法研究

采用非反应性的He碰撞模式和动能歧视与ICP-MS的联用技术,建立了一套在重金属环境突发事件中的半定量检测方法.通过对三江口表层水样加标回收及ESS-2标准土壤样品的半定量分析,结果显示,该方法能够有效消除各种来源和各种活性的多原子离子干扰,实现多种重金属元素的一次性快速测定,水样的回收率85.5%～09%,标准土壤样品的回收率84%～107%.该方法已成功应用于两次突发环境事件中,为快速处理提供了科学依据.     

Guidelines for genetic monitoring of translocated plant populations

Plant translocation is a useful tool for implementing assisted gene flow in recovery plans of critically endangered plant species. Although it helps to restore genetically viable populations, it is not devoid of genetic risks, such as poor adaptation of transplants and outbreeding depression in the hybrid progeny, which may have negative consequences in terms of demographic growth and plant fitness. Hence, a follow-up genetic monitoring should evaluate whether the translocated populations are genetically viable and self-sustaining in the short and long term. The causes of failure to adjust management responses also need to be identified. Molecular markers and fitness-related quantitative traits can be used to determine whether a plant translocation enhanced genetic diversity, increased fitness, and improved the probability of long-term survival. We devised guidelines and illustrated them with studies from the literature to help practitioners determine the appropriate genetic survey methods so that management practices can better integrate evolutionary processes. These guidelines include methods for sampling and for assessing changes in genetic diversity and differentiation, contemporary gene flow, mode of local recruitment, admixture level, the effects of genetic rescue, inbreeding or outbreeding depression and local adaptation on plant fitness, and long-term genetic changes.     

汶川地震灾后重建的岩土工程问题探讨

在对5.12汶川地震灾区大量次生地质灾害实地考察调查的基础上,总结了次生地质灾害发育分布的特点,探讨了灾后重建的岩土工程问题。此次地震引发的次生地质灾害主要有崩塌、滑坡、泥石流、堰塞湖等;次生地质灾害的发育分布与地震烈度相一致,与断裂带密切相关,并形成崩塌、滑坡→泥石流或崩塌、滑坡→堰塞湖→泥石流灾害链。灾后重建必须注重建设场地工程地质条件的研究、科学规划选址,合理避让地质灾害高风险地段;对重点高陡边坡灾害须进行必要的岩土工程加固,山区建筑地基基础设计应符合相关要求,要尽量减少对地质环境的扰动,预防工程诱发灾害。研究结果可为灾区岩土工程减灾防灾以及灾后重建提供参考。